The stock solution is the DMSO solution in which your primers are shipped. Working solutions are any dilutions that are made using the stock, generally into aqueous solution.

The initial denaturation time is 2-10 minutes at 94°C for standard thermal cycling protocols. If used in combination with a chemically modified DNA polymerase, such as AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase, an initial denaturation of 10-20 minutes may be required. For fast cycling, shorter denaturation times at 94°C can be employed.

For handling stock solution: Thaw for 5-15 minutes at room temperature. Do not thaw by heating. The unused portion should be returned to the freezer as quickly as possible. We recommend aliquotting stock solutions into several tubes to prevent extended room temperature exposure over many uses. For handling working solutions: Dilutions of the stock solution should be made as needed, using water or aqueous buffer (pH 7-9) as the diluents, and then stored on ice. Working solutions should be used immediately.

Store at or below -20°C to avoid loss of hot start activity.

Yes, please see the CleanAmp™ Primer Product Manual.

You do not need to use a DNA polymerase with CleanAmp™ Primers. If you would like to include a DNA polymerase, some validated sources of Taq DNA polymerase are as follows: Taq DNA polymerase (native and recombinant) from Invitrogen; Taq DNA polymerase (recombinant) from New England Biolabs; and EconoTaq™ DNA polymerase from Lucigen. Other validated DNA polymerases with comparable performance to Taq are: Pfu DNA polymerase (exo + and exo -) from Strategene; Dynazyme™ DNA polymerase from Finnzymes; Tth DNA polymerase from USB; Tfi DNA polymerase from Invitrogen; and Deep Vent™ DNA polymerase from New England Biolabs.

DMSO improves PCR efficiency by disruption of GC-rich sequences. Typically, 0-10% DMSO is introduced into the reaction. DMSO can also inhibit PCR performance, so be sure that the percent DMSO introduced by CleanAmp™ Primers is not inhibitory to the reaction. At high DMSO percentages, the performance of CleanAmp™ Primers may be reduced. Therefore we recommend the addition of DMSO into your reaction only if absolutely necessary and to a maximum of 2% volume per volume.

CleanAmp™ Primers can be employed over a much wider concentration range than unmodified primers. It is recommended that you perform a titration of your primers to determine the optimal concentration for improved Ct, with reduced off-target amplicon formation. Generally, primer template systems prone to mis-priming require a much lower primer concentration than those prone to primer dimer formation.

There are two forms, which differ in the rate of release of the protecting group. CleanAmp™ Turbo Primers are for fast cycling (<45 minutes) and multiplexed PCR. You will see improved amplicon yield and reduced mis-priming and primer dimer formation. CleanAmp™ Precision Primers are for standard cycling (>45 minutes). You will see improved specificity of amplification, improved limit of detection and the greatest reduction in mis-priming and primer dimer formation.

When in stock solution, they can be stored at room temperature for 48 hours, at 4°C for 60 days and at -20°C for 1 year. When in working solution, they can be stored at room temperature for 3 hours, at 4°C for 3 days and at -20°C for 20 days.

You will receive the typical synthesis yield of 10-15 ODs.

In DMSO at ~200 uM.